Five important aspects of microservices

5 important aspects/components of microservices architecture

1. Microservices - Services that are built small enough so that their entire lifecycle can be owned and managed by a small team.

2. Service Discovery - A mechanism of how microservices can locate each other over network.
Example : if Microservice A wants to call microservice B:
It will use service discovery mechanism to fetch IP address and port of B and then call B.

Implementations : ZooKeeper, Consul, etcd, Eureka

3. External configuration - Enable services to run on various environments without a code modification inside the service.
Enable different configuration values for those services for different environments.
Dynamically change configurations without changing application code or restart/redeploy application.

Example - DB credentials and other details, application properties, environment variables for Dev, QA and Prod env.

Implementations : Consul, Spring cloud (enables various datastores to store needed configs)

4. API gateway - Provide a way for clients to access microservices.
May provide security, Load balancing , rate limiting etc.

Example - Enables clients to retrieve data from multiple services with a single round-trip call to API gateway.

Implementations : NGINX, AWS API gateway

5. Circuit breaker - Protect cascading failures of services, when just a few services are affected.

Example - If service A calls B, but response from B is very slow. This will quickly result in calls from A to B getting piled up.
Thus threads of A will be blocked causing issues to service A due to issue in B.
For this, A should call B using a circuit breaker.
Circuit breaker will fail the slow requests and prevent A from calling B for certain time thus protecting A.

Implementations : Hystrix, Resilience4j

What other microservices patterns and implementations have you worked on ?

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